Rough Notes:


 Left: The Ant Nebula. Middle: Electromagnetically pinched aluminium can. Right: "Pinching" water 
stream. Image Credits: (Left) R. Sahai (JPL) et al., Hubble Heritage Team, ESA, NASA. (Middle) 
Bert Hickman, Stoneridge Engineering, www.teslamania.com. (Right) Ian Tresman.

Nov 06, 2006
Pinch Yourself!

Simple experiments can demonstrate the principle of the “z-pinch” that electrical theorists say is the best explanation of the hourglass shape of many bipolar nebulas.

As a jet of water flows, the surface tension causes the stream to constrict, and the jet forms beads or droplets (see image top right). You can sometimes see this occur, for example, in the stream of water from a garden hose or sprinkler.

Chief Researcher at the Kurchatov Institute, Boris Trubnikov, noted that water beading is a good analogy of the plasma jets that are observed to pinch in the laboratory and the cosmic plasma in nebulae, too. In plasma, the pinching is due to the self-generated magnetic field compressing the jet unevenly along its length. The pinch is sometime called a z-pinch because the magnetic field lies along the z-axis, and the beading is sometimes referred to as the sausage instability because of the shape.

In 1905 James Arthur Pollock and Samuel Barraclough at the University of Sydney suggested that the distortions in a length of copper piping used as a lightning conductor were due to the pinch effect. The phenomenon has also been suggested as the cause of pinching in bead lightning.

The pinching of metal can be simulated in the laboratory by simply placing an aluminium soda pop can in a conducting coil of wire and sending a short pulse of high current through the coil. The magnetic field generated may be strong enough to crush the can, in this case producing a characteristic hourglass shape (see image top, middle).

Pinches in plasmas were first investigated by Willard Harrison Bennett in the 1930s. He was able to work out a relationship between the plasma density and current (the so-called Bennett relation), and pinches are sometimes called a Bennett pinch.

As cells of cosmic plasma move relative to each other, they generate currents and magnetic fields that cause them to produce jets that pinch and bead.

It is perhaps no coincidence that when astronomer Walter Baade first distinguished individual stars in the Andromeda Galaxy, he described them as like "beads on a string". And the Ant Nebula (see image top left), which glows like a plasma-filled fluorescent light tube, has a characteristic hourglass pinch in its middle..

With 99% of the universe consisting of plasma, we cannot afford to ignore the obvious electrical influences any longer.

Submitted by Ian Tresman
Castastrophism.com

plasma z-pinch pinches electricity magnetic diagram birkeland filaments currents
Earth Electric Universe evidence Electric Universe theory Space 

Plasma z-pinch

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plasma z-pinch pinches electricity magnetic diagram birkeland filaments currentsA plasma z-pinch, also known as zeta pinch (comes from or related to Bennett pinch, theta-pinch) is a very important plasma/electromagnetic mechanism for the Electric Universe theory. Also for Plasma Cosmology and standard science.
plasma cosmology eu theory Bennett z pinch
The basic z pinch idea seems to be magnetic fields generated to or in plasma by electricity, these electromagnetic effects tighten, concentrates or pinch the plasma closer together.

Plasma z pinches are of special interest to the EU theory, especially those with the natural result of pairs of Birkeland currents interacting with themselves. Perhaps forming nebula such as the Southern Crab nebula, Butterfly nebula and stars.
z-pinch can electrical power space formations birkeland currents

It is confirmed that the movement of electric charges in plasma forms electromagnetic fields that constrict the current. As previous Picture of the Day articles point out, the constricted channel is known as a “Bennett pinch,” or “z-pinch.” The pinched electric filaments remain coherent over long distances, forming helical structures that can transmit power through space. That phenomenon is what scientists refer to as flux ropes. They also create electromagnetic structures called “plasmoids”. The glowing blobs observed in Encke’s tail are plasmoids.
Solar Plasmoids | thunderbolts TPOD

The Z-pinch is an application of the Lorentz force, in which a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force. One example of the Lorentz force is that, if two parallel wires are carrying current in the same direction, the wires will be pulled toward each other. In a Z-pinch machine the wires are replaced by a plasma, which can be thought of as many current-carrying wires. When a current is run through the plasma, the particles in plasma are pulled toward each other by the Lorentz force, thus the plasma contracts. The contraction is counteracted by the increasing gas pressure of the plasma.

As the plasma is electrically conductive, a magnetic field nearby will induce a current in it.
Z-pinch | wikipedia

electric sun model theory es plasma z pinch Electric Universe theory

Astronomers see in this image “thick and turbulent clouds of gas and dust” that are “being sculpted into pillars by radiation and winds from hot, massive stars.” The language is misleading and inappropriate. The pillars are not turbulent, they have the characteristic tornadic column form of parallel z-pinch plasma discharge filaments. Z-pinches are the most efficient scavengers of matter in space, having an attractive force that falls linearly with distance from the axis. (Gravity falls off exponentially with the square of the distance). Gravity and turbulence give no explanation for the surprising tornadic forms.

The notion of “triggered collapse” is merely hand waving. The inset image shows the telltale polar jet aligned with the z-pinch column. The glowing “ionization front” is not principally a photo-ionization or collisional effect but the glow of a plasma double-layer, energized by electric current. The nearby Herbig-Haro object, HH399, exhibits the typical thin polar corkscrew jet seen in more detail in the Herbig-Haro 49/50 below.

The heated, glowing plasma in these jets can extend for trillions of miles. They do not explosively dissipate in the vacuum of space because of the electromagnetic “pinch effect” of the electric current flowing along the jet. The spiral shape is that of Birkeland current filaments, which are the universal power transmission lines.
Assembling the Solar System | holoscience

z-pinch formation origin universe plasma double layers

Alfvén proposed the electrical circuit diagram for a star. It is in the form of a simple Faraday motor, which explains why the Sun’s equatorial plasma is driven fastest. It also explains the presence of the circumstellar disk, formed and held there by electromagnetic forces and not by weak gravity. And the problem of transfer of rotational energy does not arise because the entire system is held by powerful electromagnetic forces and driven like an electric motor. (The same explanation, of course, applies on a much grander scale to the anomalous rotation of the disk of spiral galaxies). When the star-forming z-pinch subsides, gravity is not able to retain the disk for long and current flowing in the disk (the stellar wind) sweeps the space clear.
Assembling the Solar Systemholoscience | holoscience

plasma cosmology plasma z pinch birkeland currents filaments

When electric current passes axially along a cylindrical conductor, a magnetic field is created that surrounds the conductor and tends to crush the cylinder. This effect is called the magnetic pinch and is commonly seen in the laboratory. If the conductor is a multi-layered collection of concentric cylinders, this crushing effect can produce a discharge between two or more layers of the structure.

Many instances have recently been reported of stars exhibiting surrounding rings. The bright star Fomalhaut has now been discovered to have one. Another classic double hour-glass structure is visible in images of the object called the Southern Crab Nebula. It is a well known property of plasma that it can operate in two visible modes (arc and glow) and one invisible mode (dark mode).

So in some objects all of the structure described above presents itself. In others parts of the plasma composition are in dark mode and so are not visible. For example in the object shown in Fig. 9, the outer, larger extent of the plasma is very diffuse – the electric current density being insufficient to illuminate it as well as the inner regions shown in the lower right of that figure.

There are literally dozens of objects that exhibit this morphology such as planetary nebula MyCn 18, which contains a ring around its central object.
Magnetic Pinch - An Electric Universe View of Stellar and Galactic Formation | Donald E Scott (link to PDF)

zeta pinch eu theory theta-pinch

That parallel currents attract each other was known already at the times of Ampere. It is easy to understand that in a plasma, currents should have a tendency to collect to filaments. In 1934, it was explicitly stated by Bennett that this should lead to the formation of a pinch. The problem which led him to the discovery was that the magnetic storm producing medium (solar wind with present terminology) was not flowing out uniformly from the Sun. Hence, it was a problem in cosmic physics which led to the introduction of the pinch effect ... However, to most astrophysicists it is an unknown phenomenon. Indeed, important fields of research, e.g., the treatment of the state in interstellar regions, including the formation of stars, are still based on a neglect of Bennett's discovery more than half a century ago ... present-day students in astrophysics hear nothing about it.
Hannes Alfvén quote - Stars in an Electric Universe | (link to PDF)

z pinch nebula space butterfly plasma Electric Universe theory

The extremely large output of power and energy was accomplished by converting the accelerator's electrical output into a dense, ionized gas (plasma) called a z-pinch, which efficiently produces X-rays. A z-pinch is so named because it creates a magnetic field that, as it contracts around ionized gas, pinches it vertically along (to a mathematician) the z-axis.
The z-pinch | Sandia National Laboratories

plasma z pinch Hen Wings 2-437 Electric Universe

Birkeland currents align themselves with the ambient magnetic field direction. The hourglass z-pinch shape has been confirmed in the magnetic field of a star-forming region. And in laboratory z-pinch experiments, the plasma tends to form a number of “beads” along the axis, which “scatter like buckshot” once the discharge subsides.
Assembling the Solar System | holoscience

Z pinches and black holes

Closer to the black hole, heat generated by molecular collisions tears atoms apart and the disk glows in extreme ultraviolet and X-rays. This is what is referred to as a black hole’s “corona”.

No direct evidence exists for matter compressed to nearly infinite density. Instead, it is Z-pinches in plasma filaments forming plasmoids that energize stars and galaxies. When charge density is too high, double layers form, catastrophically releasing their excess energy in bursts of X-rays or flares of ultraviolet light.

That electric charge flow in plasma generates magnetic fields that constrict the current channel. Pinched electric filaments remain coherent over long distances, spiraling around each other, and forming helical structures that can transmit power through space. Those filaments are the jets seen in galaxies and stars.

No gigantic masses compressed into tiny volumes are necessary, and those flares and jets are easily generated with the proper experimental equipment. There are other factors that should be considered when analyzing observational data before resorting to super-dense objects and other fantastical ideas. It could be that there are lightning flashes taking place in the center of Markarian 335.
Flash in the Pan | Thunderbolts TPOD